Effects of Omega-3, Vitamin E, Zinc, and Vitamin C on Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract

Background: Postmenopausal women with (T2DM) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to hormonal changes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Nutritional supplements such as Omega-3, Vitamin E, Zinc, and Vitamin C have shown potential in mitigating cardiovascular risk factors; however, evidence remains inconsistent. Understanding the comparative efficacy of these supplements may offer insights into non-pharmacological approaches for cardiovascular risk reduction in this high-risk population.