The Effectiveness of Sleeve Technique in Treating Primary Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction with Elevated Lacrimal Sac

Abstract

Background: Primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is a common condition causing 
chronic epiphora and recurrent infections. Traditional surgical treatment, such as 
dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), though effective, can be associated with significant morbidity 
and recovery time. The sleeve technique, a minimally invasive procedure, offers a potentially 
effective alternative. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the sleeve technique in treating 
PANDO with a high lacrimal sac.