The Occurrence Of Hepato Pulmonary Syndrome In End Stage Liver Disease By Using Bubble Contrast Echocardiography And Its Correlation With Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

Abstract

Background: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a characterized by abnormalities in blood oxygenation secondary to the presence of intrapulmonary vascular dilations (IPVD) in the setting of end-stage liver disease. Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) affects 10–32 % of patients with cirrhosis and is defined by liver abnormalities, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVDs), and abnormal oxygenation