HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENDOMETRIUM AND ITS CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION IN ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

Abstract

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to irregularities in menstrual cycle involving frequency, regulatory, duration and volume of flow outside of pregnancy. AUB refers to any nonphysiologic uterine bleeding.[1] It affects great majority of women and is one of the most common problems in their life, most commonly occurring at menarche and peri-menopausal age. It is one of the most common indications for performing endometrial biopsies and curettage. A normal menstrual cycle has a frequency of 24–38 days and lasts 2-7 days with 5–80 ml of blood loss. Variations in any of these parameters constitute abnormal uterine bleeding.
Aim: To study the morphology of endometrial lesions in cases presenting with AUB at PCMS hospital {BHOPAL}.
Methods: The study was observational, analytical, retrospective and prospective that was carried out for period from Feb 2022 to June 2023 in department of pathology; at Peoples medical college of medical science and research Centre, Bhopal {MP}. Total 118 patients who were clinically diagnosed as AUB were studied. The samples received were endometrial biopsies, endometrial curettage, and
hysterectomy specimens for study.
Results: In cases of endometrial polyps, endometrium showed no other abnormality. Chronic endometritis was seen in 2 cases {1.6%} 3 cases of endometrial hyperplasia were seen in study. 2 cases {1.6 %} of non-atypical hyperplasia and 1 case {0.8%} of atypical hyperplasia was observed in this study. 1 case {0.8%} of endometrial carcinoma was found in this study. Maximum numbers of patients {69.4%} were found in perimenopausal age group (40-49 years). 19 patients {16.2%} were in reproductive age group (< 40 years) 17 patients {14.4%} were in post-menopausal age group (>49years)
Conclusion: Endometrial biopsy is important investigation in diagnosis of cases of AUB. Findings in endometrial biopsy in AUB cases show wide range of histopathological finding, ranging from normal appearing endometrium to endometrial carcinoma which can be diagnosed on endometrial biopsy for its proper management