A Cross-Sectional Study on the Anatomical Distribution and Pathological Characteristics of Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Arteries

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, primarily due to its role in the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the anatomical distribution and pathological characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques within the carotid arteries in an adult population. A total of 200 patients undergoing carotid artery ultrasound and subsequent histopathological analysis were included. The study identified a high prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in the carotid bifurcation and proximal internal carotid artery (ICA), with a significant association between plaque morphology and risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and targeted management of atherosclerosis to prevent adverse cardiovascular events.