A case-control study on risk factors for renal stones in a tribal area of Nashik, India

Abstract

Introduction: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi and Haryana are referred to as stone belt 
of India. Urolithiasis has been attributed to lifestyle, diet, animal protein, hot climate, low water intake, 
common systemic conditions and overweight or obesity, alcohol consumption and smoking. Regular 
drinking of tea, renal stone history, and stress at work are other risk factors of kidney calculi. This study 
aimed to identify risk factors and to see the strength of association between these risk factors and renal 
stone. 
Materials and Methods: This study was hospital-based case control study carried out among 65 subjects 
in each group. Recently diagnosed (by ultrasonography) and admitted patients of renal stone aged 
between 20 to70 years were used as cases. All subjects were administered with questionnaire and were 
examined for body composition and their BMI and Waist to hip ratio were also calculated.