Alkaline Materials and Regenerative Endodontics: A Review

Abstract

Periapical health is the primary goal of endodontic treatment in mature and immature teeth.
In addition, the goals of treatment of immature teeth with arrested root development
include root growth to length and maturation of the apex, as well as thickening of the canal
wall. These goals are valid for immature teeth that have been subjected to trauma and
dental caries or that are the result of developmental anomalies that expose the tooth to the
risk of pulp necrosis and consequently result in the cessation of root maturation.
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have been described as a “paradigm shift” in
the treatment of immature teeth with pulp necrosis and underdeveloped roots, as there is
the potential for further root maturation and return of vitality. Treatment with REPs is
advocated as the treatment of choice for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. REP protocols
involve the use of alkaline biomaterials, primarily sodium hypochlorite, calcium
hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregates and Biodentine, and are the essential components
of a successful treatment regimen.