THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON CARDIOLOGY DISEASES

Abstract

Tobacco use is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is little
evidence linking smoking to various subtypes of CVD, both fatal and non-fatal outcomes. Current smoking
increases the risk of nearly all CVD subtypes, at least doubling the risk of many, including AMI, cerebrovascular
disease, and heart failure. Paroxysmal tachycardia is a newly discovered smoking-related risk. The effects of alcohol
on cardiovascular (CV) health are complex. The links between alcohol consumption and CV diseases such as
hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and cardiomyopathy have been extensively
researched and are summarised in this review. Although many behavioural, genetic, and biologic variants influence
the link between alcohol use and CV disease, the dose and pattern of alcohol consumption appear to be the most
influential. Several drug classes may cause heart failure in patients who do not have concurrent cardiovascular
disease or may hasten the onset of heart failure in patients who already have left ventricular impairment. Using the
MEDLINE database and lateral references, we conducted a review of the literature on drug-induced heart failure.