Cardiovascular issue: Hypertension and COVID-19

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a strain of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic that has affected the lives of billions of
individuals. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 likely as a result of zoonotic
transmission from wild animals linked to a large wet market in Wuhan, China.Hypertention as a risk factor in
COVID-19 patients explore through various studies reviewed and through these observations find the link
between hypertension and COVID-19. Severity of COVID-19 illness is skewed towards the elderly population
who have a higher prevalence of hypertension.However, there are number of factors that could potentially
confound a possible relationship between hypertension and severe COVID-19. The first is age: both severe
COVID-19 and hypertension are common in the elderly.A biomarker is defined as a “characteristic that can be
objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological and pathological processes, or
pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention”. Biomarkers in COVID 19 can be useful. Patients with
hypertension, especially older individuals and those with other known risk factors, are at increased risk of
developing severe symptoms during COVID-19 infection. Antihypertensive therapy with ACE inhibitors or
ARBs in patients with COVID-19 should be carefully continued, with careful monitoring to detect hypotension
and kidney injury. For non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19, ongoing management of comorbid conditions
is essential to minimize risk. This includes lifestyle factors such as diet and sleep, along with maintaining
regular medications like antihypertensive drugs. Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest are common
manifestations of COVID-19. Heart palpitations have been reported to be the main presenting symptom of
COVID-19 in patients without a fever or cough. Overall, multidisciplinary management of COVID-19 based on
a rapidly growing body of evidence will help ensure the best possible outcomes for patients, including those
with risk factors such as hypertension.