Vascular Complications and Risk factors regarding Patient Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization

Abstract

 Risk factors for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are being older, small stature, obese, coexisting
condition of hypertension, and or renal failure, use of large sheath, prolonged sheath time and excessive coagulation.
Cardiac catheterization had several complications that embrace the following: infection, injury and pain at the Intra
Venous site (IV) or sheath insertion site, blood clots and harming urinary organ may be occur because of the
distinction dye that common in kidney disease and patients with Diabetes Mellitues (DM).Aim of the study: was to
assess vascular complications and risk factors regarding patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Design: A
descriptive design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in Cardiac Care Units at Zagazig University
Hospitals. Subjects: A convenient sample of 50 nurses and 50 patients were included in this study. Tools of data
collection: Three tools were used; Interviewing questionnaire for nurses, observational checklist and Interviewing
questionnaire for patients. Results: The present study clarified that 78% of the studied nurses had un satisfactory
level of knowledge, and 66% of the studied nurses had satisfactory level of practice regarding cardiac
catheterization.The present study clarified that 100% of the studied patients were hypertensive, 90 % were MI, 88%
were Diabetic and had high cholesterol level,74% were smokers and 48 % of studied patients were obese, the present
study clarified that 54% of patients had arterial occlusion before sheath removal and 12% of the studied patients had
pseudoaneurysm after sheath removal. Conclusion: It can be concluded that more than three quarter of the studied
nurses had un satisfactory level ofknowledge regarding vascular complications and risk factors for patients
undergoing cardiac catheterization, more than two third of them had satisfactory level of practice regarding care of
patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The most common risk factors for studied patients were hypertension,
MI, high cholesterol level, DM, smoking and obesity. The most common vascular complications for studied patients
were arterial occlusion, heart attack, stroke, arrythmias, hematoma, femoral hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, and groin
infection before sheath removal. Recommendation:Updating knowledge and practice of ICU nurses through
carrying out continuing educational programs regarding complications & risk factors for patients undergoing cardiac
catheterization.