EVALUATION OF THE INDICATIONS AND OUTCOMES OF TRACHEOSTOMY DONE IN ICU: A CLINICOOBSERVATION STUDY

Abstract

Background:One of the safe procedures routinely carried out in ICU is Tracheostomy.
However, it has been associated with various complications that can be life-threatening
including hypoxia, stoma infection, incision site bleeding, hemothorax, pneumothorax, injury
to structures near the trachea, and cardiac arrest was seen intra and postoperatively.
Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate different underlying disease aspects of
outcomes and indications of tracheostomy done in the ICU (intensive care unit).
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 subjects admitted to ICU
where elective open tracheostomy was done for various indications. For all the subjects,
detailed demographics including gender and age were assessed along with detailed history
concerning complications, timings, tracheostomy indication, and prolonged intubation causes
were recorded and assessed for results formation.Results: The most common indication of tracheostomy was head injury with RTA (road
traffic accident) as seen in 25.83% (n=31) study subjects followed by Postoperative intracranial space-occupying lesion (ICSOL) in 24.16% (n=29) study subjects, Guillain-Barre
syndrome in 20.83% (n=25) subjects, cardiovascular accident in 10.83% (n=13) study
subjects, RTA with injury to the spinal cord in 6.66% (n=8) subjects, maxillofacial trauma,
and postoperative pneumonia in 5.83% (n=7) study subjects. Concerning the complications of
tracheostomy as assessed in the study subjects, it was seen that the most common
complication seen in the study subjects was surgical emphysema which was seen in 5.83%
(n=7) of study subjects. Another complication seen was hemorrhage as seen in 4.16% (n=5)
of study subjects. Also, tube displacement was seen in 3.33% (n=4) study subjects, and
wound infection was seen in 3.33% (n=4) study subjects among the total of 120 study
subjects
Conclusion: The present study concluded that tracheostomy performed in the ICU is a safe
and vital procedure in cases with prolonged endotracheal intubation needed for different
underlying causes.