Clinical Recommendations and Treatment Of Malnutrition among Chronic kidney Disease Patients

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition refers to a state of over-nutrition or undernutrition of
macronutrients elements or specific micronutrient needs, which are critical to tissues.
Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD)
undergoing hemodialysis (HD) that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
The pathogenesis of malnutrition in patients with HD is multifactorial. Inadequate food
intake due to anorexia and altered taste sensation combined with intercurrent illness, hypercatabolism and reduced anabolism, dialysis procedure, chronic inflammatory state, and
endocrine disorders of uraemia were reported as major causes of malnutrition in
hemodialysis. Protein–energy malnutrition and wasting are strong predictors of death
among hemodialysis patients. There is not a single measurement that provides complete and
unambiguous assessment of the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.