A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Pattern of Cervical PAP Smear Cytology and its Correlation with Clinical Findings in Tertiary Care Centre of North Bihar

Abstract

Aim: the aim of the study to evaluate the pattern of cervical Pap smear cytology at a tertiary
hospital and to correlate it with clinical findings.
Methods: The prospective study was carried out at Department of Pathology, Darbhanga
Medical College, Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, Bihar, India for 1 year. The cellular material
obtained on the spatula and cyto brush was quickly smeared on a clean glass slide, labeled,
fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol immediately and subsequently stained by Pap stain. After staining,
slides were mounted with DPX (Dibutyl phthalate Polystyrene xylene), screened and reported
by cytopathologist under light microscope.
Results: Total 1000 cervico-vaginal smears studied during study period on patients, ranging
from 18 to 63 years. Cytological findings broadly classified into unsatisfactory smears,
normal and abnormal smears. There were 779(77.90%) abnormal Pap smears which include
benign cellular changes of inflammation as well as Epithelial Cell Abnormalities (ECA), with
201(20.10) normal cases and 20(2%) unsatisfactory or inadequate samples. The age range of
patients with epithelial cell abnormality was 22 to 63 years and the mean age was 44.1±10.7
years. Total 440 (44%) showed inflammatory lesion, 12 (1.20%) showed atrophy, 8(0.80%)
showed ASCUS, 5 (0.5%) showed ASC-H, 5(0.5%) showed HSIL, 10(0.10%) showed SCC,
2 (0.20%) AGUS, 110 (11%) showed metaplasia, 14 (0.14%) had radiation changes.
Conclusion:By proper implementation of Pap screening program, incidence of invasive
cervical malignancy can be prevented due to early detection of cervical premalignant lesions.