SYSTEMATIC DETAILS ABOUT NUTRITION SUPPLIMENTATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN

Abstract

Nutrition is very important in the body since it aids in growth and development. Prenatal nutrition is critical for the
baby's healthy growth and development. Both the mother and the foetus require high-quality meals, as well as micro and
macro nutrients. Fruits, vegetables, a low-fat diet, and dairy are all important for a child's birth weight. Deficiencies arise
as a result of the increased demand for energy and nutrients by both the mother and the child during pregnancy. Vitamins
play an important role in the body, although hypovitamnosis is common among pregnant women. Vitamin D is crucial
for the mother's health as well as the children's long-term health. Calcitrol is the active and hormonal metabolite of
vitamin D. Low vitamin B12 levels during pregnancy put the offspring's metabolism at danger. In the first trimester,
maternal consumption of milk, fresh fruits, and nuts acts as a protective factor, reducing neural tube abnormalities.
Maternal nutrition also plays a role in the risk of future hypertension in the offspring. The provision of folic acid and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in micronutrient supplementation has been shown to improve pregnancy and newborn
outcomes. Micronutrient supplementation improves the outcomes of pregnant women with preeclampsia, eclampsia, and
anaemia. Iron supplementation increases a child's birth weight and aids in the growth and development of the baby's
brain. Low birth weight is less likely when omega 3 fatty acids are consumed. Vitamin D, in conjunction with calcium,
aids in the development of children's bones and teeth. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy can assist to minimise
the risk of preeclampsia. For proper growth and development, sulphate is a necessary nutrient. Because the developing
foetus has a lower capacity for sulphur generation, sulphataemia occurs in pregnant women. Sulphataemia is controlled
by the maternal kidneys and supplies a sulphate reservoir for the developing foetal' gestational demands. Reduced
sulphate levels in pregnant women cause sulphate deficiency in the foetus, which results in the foetus' mortality. Fish has
various nutrients that aid in the development of a healthy foetus, and it is also crucial to consume seafood that are low in
mercury because fish can be polluted with heavy metals.