A DETAILED REVIEW ON COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF MIGRAINE AND ITS TREATMENT

Abstract

Migraine is a disabling primary headache disorder that directly affects more than one billion people worldwide
including children. Migraine is the third most prevalent illness in the world. Despite its widespread prevalence,
migraine remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. There is very little known about migraine for several years,
however in the last few decades, considerable advances in our understanding of migraine and its pathophysiology
have paved the way for better understanding of the disease condition. Migraine is of several types among which
Migraine with Aura, Migraine Without aura and chronic migraine are frequently seen among patients. Migraine has
strong genetic component (80% of people with migraine tend to have familial histories of the disease.) and known
triggers that induce pain. ICH–3 guidelines were used in diagnosis of Migraine and there are many acute and
preventive migraine treatments that are proved to be effective in migraine. Acute treatment is either specific (triptans
and ergots) or non-specific (analgesics). Preventive treatment decreases migraine frequency and improves quality of
life. Recent advances led to development of newer classes of drugs like CGRP antagonists namely gepants and 5-HT
1F receptor agonists—namely ditans were also included. Despite of various pharmacological treatments available
there is a strong need in clinical practice for alternative approaches for both acute and preventive treatment due to
limited efficacy and poor toleration of pharmacological treatment in some patients.
This review tends to provide a complete overview of Migraine disorder that includes types, etiology, epidemiology,
pathophysiology, ICH guidelines for diagnosis, current available Treatments of migraine with special emphasis of
FDA approved novel drugs in last 5 years and also various non-pharmacological treatments available and lifestyle
management of patients with Migrain