Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Presenting with Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a 
rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis predominantly affecting small to medium-sized blood 
vessels, with a reported annual incidence of approximately 10-20 cases per million. The disease 
is often characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation that can involve multiple 
organs, most commonly the lungs and kidneys. This case report presents an unusual instance 
of GPA with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in an 18-year-old male, highlighting the importance 
of early diagnosis, comprehensive clinical evaluation, and multidisciplinary management in 
achieving optimal patient outcomes.