Multidisciplinary Management of Uterine Intravenous Leiomyomatosis with Inferior Vena Cava and Right Atrial Extension: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare benign smooth-muscle tumor characterized by intraluminal growth within venous channels, with potential extension into major veins and cardiac chambers. Despite its benign histology, IVL may demonstrate 
aggressive clinical behavior. Intracardiac extension, particularly into the right atrium, is  extremely rare and presents significant diagnostic and surgical challenges.