Calcium and Ferrous ion crosstalk driving dopaminergic loss in patients with Parkinsons disease - a systematic review

Abstract

Calcium and iron are vital trace elements that orchestrate critical eukaryotic cellular processes, from signaling and enzyme activity to energy metabolism. Disruptions in their homeostasis trigger cell dysfunction, oxidative damage, and eventual death. Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, lacks curative therapies or interventions to halt its inexorable progression