Clinico-radiological baseline characteristic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) patients in Tumkur.

Abstract

Introduction:Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in India, where the burden is substantial. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, demographic, and radiological features of MDR-TB patients, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions.Materials and Methods:Data were collected from laboratory-confirmed cases of MDR TB and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) patients admitted to Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital from August 2022 to February 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients initiated on a bedaquiline-containing regimen. Clinical characteristics, symptoms, and radiological findings were documented, and disease severity was classified based on established standards. Results:A total of 38 patients were analyzed, with a predominance of middle-aged individuals (39.5% aged 41-50 years) and a male-to-female ratio of 57.9% to 42.1%. Notably, 68.4% had no previous history of tuberculosis. Common symptoms included cough (97.4%), fever (94.7%), and fatigue (86.8%). Most patients were classified with moderate to advanced disease severity (57.9%), while chest X-rays revealed consolidation (76.3%) and cavities (28.9%) as significant findings.Discussion:The study findings align with existing literature, emphasizing a high prevalence of TB among middle-aged males and a substantial number of new cases. The need for prompt diagnosis and targeted public health strategies is highlighted to manage TB effectively and reduce transmission, especially within high-risk populations. Comprehensive screening and treatment strategies are essential to address the growing burden of MDR-TB in India.