A Comparative Study of Ocular Surface Bacterial Flora in Diabetics and Non Diabetics and Efficacy Of 5% Povidone Iodine in Bacterial Load Reduction

Abstract

Background The human ocular surface hosts a diverse microbiome that plays a key role in maintaining eye health by preventing infections. Systemic conditions like diabetes can disrupt this balance, increasing susceptibility to infections. Povidone-iodine, a broad-spectrum antiseptic, is effective in reducing bacterial load on skin and mucous membranes. Its low cost, broad efficacy, and absence of resistance make it ideal for preoperative eye preparation. Assessing its effectiveness in reducing ocular surface bacteria, especially in diabetics, can help improve infection prevention strategies. Aim To evaluate the prevalence of bacterial species on the ocular surface of diabetic and non diabetic patients And To assess the efficacy of 5% povidone-iodine in reducing the bacterial load on the ocular surface. Methods A prospective study included 120 ( 60 diabetics and 60 non diabetics) participants. Swabs were taken from each participant’s lower fornix using moistened sterile cotton-tipped applicators before applying a 5% povidone iodine solution. After 3 minutes, the povidone iodine was washed out with sterile saline. Post-application specimens were obtained from the lower fornix with new sterile swabs. Both sets of swabs were sent for microbiological tests. Results This study included 120 ( 60 diabetics and 60 non diabetics) participants aged 40-70 years, with 50% in the 51-60 age group. 69 participants (57.5%) were male, and 51 (42.5%) were female. Positive cultures were found in 69.17% of conjunctival sacs with no significant difference between diabetics and non-diabetics. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent organism. . Povidone-iodine application significantly reduced positive conjunctival sac cultures.