Early Threatened Miscarriage: Can Single Serum Progesterone Levels Provide Insight into Pregnancy Outcome?

Abstract

Introduction: Around 20-25% of pregnant women experience vaginal bleeding in the first 20
weeks, with about 50% leading to miscarriage. Progesterone, a key pregnancy hormone, may
reduce the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss. Accurate prediction of pregnancy continuation
is vital for appropriate care. This study assesses the role of a single serum progesterone
measurement during threatened miscarriage in predicting pregnancy outcomes. It also
examines the relationship between pregnancy continuation, maternal age, gestational age,
symptoms, and risk factors.
Methods: Conducted at the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chennai, India, the study
included 160 pregnant women (≤12 weeks gestation) with bleeding. Sociodemographic data,
clinical history, and blood samples for serum progesterone and hemoglobin levels were
collected and analyzed.
Results: Participants had an average age of 26.7± 3.5 years, with 76.40% aged 20-30 years.
First-time mothers comprised 47.75%. Common symptoms were vaginal bleeding and
spotting. Anemia was observed in 22.47% of participants. Majority of participants had serum progesterone levels levels exceeding 20 ng/ml. Higher serum progesterone levels significantly
correlated with continued pregnancy, while hemoglobin, body mass index, and pregnancy
outcomes showed no significant associations.
Conclusion: Serum progesterone levels are promising for diagnosing viable pregnancies
conveniently and cost-effectively during threatened miscarriages.