A comparative study of epidural ropivacaine with nalbuphine and ropivacaine with butorphanol in lower abdominal surgeries

Abstract

Epidural analgesia has been the gold standard and extensively preferred technique for providing postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries where complications are very less as compared to spinal anaesthesia. Epidural analgesia has been shown to accelerate post operative recovery, faster mobilization, reduce the pulmonary morbidity, reduces the pain score, and minimizes patient distress. Both Butorphanol and Nalbuphine are partial agonist–antagonists, acting as agonists on the kappa receptor while acting as antagonists or partial agonists on the mu receptor. Aims and Objectives: To compare the efficacy of analgesic effect of epidural 0.75% ropivacaine with 10mg nalbuphine and 0.75% ropivacaine with 2mg butorphanol in patients posted for lower abdomen surgeries under epidural anesthesia. Also, to observe side effects like bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, sedation, shivering.