Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a critical concern in pediatric intensive
care units (PICUs), significantly impacting the health of critically ill children. Understanding the
prevalence and risk factors associated with VAP is paramount for improving patient care and
outcomes in this vulnerable population. Objective: This cross-sectional study, conducted over a [duration] period in [location], aimed to investigate the prevalence of VAP and identify its risk factors among pediatric patients admitted to PICUs. Methods: Data from 150 pediatric patients admitted to 5 PICUs were analyzed. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients aged 1 month to 18 years who required mechanical ventilation during their hospitalization, ensuring a representative sample of the PICU population. Patient demographics, clinical variables, and laboratory data were collected. Statistical analysis, including logistic regression, was employed to identify independent risk factors associated with VAP. Results: The study revealed a VAP prevalence of 14.2% among the study cohort. Several significant risk factors were identified, including prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, longer lengths of PICU stay, and prior antibiotic usage. Notably, patients with durations of mechanical ventilation exceeding 7 days had a significantly higher risk of developing VAP (OR=2.45, p<0.001). Statistical analysis
demonstrated robust associations, with odds ratios and p-values confirming the statistical
significance of these factors. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study, involving 150 pediatric
patients in PICUs, illuminates the prevalence and risk factors associated with VAP. The findings
serve as a valuable foundation for developing evidence-based strategies aimed at reducing VAP incidence and improving the overall well-being of critically ill pediatric patients.