Comparative Analysis of Microalbuminuria and Protein-Creatinine Ratio as Early Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading microvascular complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), often developing silently and progressing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Early diagnosis plays a pivotal role in preventing irreversible renal damage. Traditionally, microalbuminuria has served as the standard biomarker for early nephropathy; however, recent insights suggest that the protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) in spot urine may serve as a comparable or superior predictor.