Comparative Analysis of Microalbuminuria and Protein-Creatinine Ratio as Early Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients:

Abstract

Background  
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading microvascular complication of Type 2 
Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), often developing silently and progressing to chronic 
kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Early diagnosis plays a 
pivotal role in preventing irreversible renal damage. Traditionally, microalbuminuria 
has served as the standard biomarker for early nephropathy; however, recent insights 
suggest that the protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) in spot urine may serve as a 
comparable or superior predictor.