Orbital cellulitis as a Sequelae/Complication: ClinicoBacteriological& Radiological profile.

Abstract

Background: Orbital cellulitis is a severe, potentially life-threatening condition that often
arises as a complication of sinusitis, trauma, or dental infections. Prompt diagnosis and
effective management are crucial to prevent serious outcomes such as vision loss and
intracranial complications. This case series explores the diverse clinical presentations,
radiological findings, and management strategies for orbital cellulitis, with a particular focus
on cases complicated by underlying systemic conditions and coexisting orbital pathologies.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on five patients diagnosed with orbital
cellulitis at a tertiary care center in India. The cases included orbital cellulitis secondary to
sinusitis, trauma, dental infections, and in an immunocompromised patient with uncontrolled
diabetes. Each case was evaluated based on clinical presentation, radiological imaging (CT
and MRI), bacteriological findings, and treatment outcomes. The results were compared with
findings from other studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the condition.
Results: Sinusitis was the most common etiology, consistent with global data, but trauma and
dental infections also played significant roles. Radiological imaging, particularly CT scans,
was essential in identifying abscess formation and guiding surgical intervention. MRI was
crucial in cases with suspected intracranial extension. Complications such as intracranial
abscess and prolonged recovery were observed, particularly in the immunocompromised
patient. Multidisciplinary management, including intravenous antibiotics and timely surgical
intervention, was vital in achieving favorable outcomes.
Conclusion: This case series underscores the complexity of orbital cellulitis, particularly
when complicated by systemic conditions or coexisting orbital pathologies. Accurate and timely diagnosis using radiological imaging, coupled with a multidisciplinary approach, is
critical in managing this condition effectively. Future research should continue to explore the
impact of emerging antibiotic resistance and refine treatment protocols for high-risk
populations.