Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions versus pharmacological treatments in managing GDM and reducing the risk of complications – A comparative study

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) presents a significant health concern for pregnant individuals globally, with implications for maternal and fetal health. Management strategies for GDM include lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments, each offering distinct advantages and considerations. Understanding the comparative effectiveness of these approaches is essential for optimizing GDM management protocols and improving maternal-fetal outcomes. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions versus pharmacological treatments in managing GDM and reducing the risk of complications. 
Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted, including 100 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM, with 50 patients allocated to each treatment group. Participants were recruited from obstetric clinics at a tertiary care hospital. Lifestyle intervention involved personalized counseling sessions focusing on dietary modifications, exercise regimens, and weight management. Pharmacological treatment comprised standard medical therapy with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Baseline characteristics, maternal outcomes (glycemic control, maternal weight gain, hypertensive disorders), and fetal outcomes (birth weight, Apgar scores, neonatal hypoglycemia, NICU admission rates) were assessed and compared between the two groups.