“Study Of Oral Cancer In Our Population”

Abstract

Introduction: Cancers are the commonest cause of death in adults. Oral cancer is any malignant neoplasm which is found on the lip, floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gingiva, palate or in the tongue. Oral cancer is among the top three types of cancers in India. Severe alcoholism, use of tobacco like cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, betel nut chewing and human papilloma virus(HPV) are the most common risk factors for oral cancer Aim and Objective of the study: The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of oral
cancer and to evaluate clinicopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions at our tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A detailed history-taking including age, sex, complaints and duration of symptoms, site, side etc. and with thorough clinical examination relevant investigations for consistency, diagnosis, benign or malignant was done and appropriate management has been done
for these patients. All relevant investigations were done. Biopsy were taken, detailed histopathological features were noted. The tissue sections were stained with H and E stain. Results: In the present study, we included a total of 400 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria presenting to our OPD with oral cavity lesions, out of which 75.5% were males and 24.5% were females. We evaluated all the subjects for oral cavity lesions with diagnostic biopsy and subjected for HPE. Among these subjects 33.5% had non-neoplastic lesion, 23% had benign lesion, 15.5% had pre-malignant and 28 % had malignant lesions. Discussion and Conclusion: In our cross-sectional study, we included a total of 400 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria presenting to our OPD with oral cavity lesions, out of which 75.5% were males and 24.5% were females. We evaluated all the subjects for oral cavity lesions with diagnostic biopsy and subjected for HPE. Among these subjects 33.5% had non-neoplastic lesion, 23% had benign lesion, 15.5% had pre-malignant and 28 % had malignant lesions. Preventive measures must be taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of oral cancer and for better survival. Because of the high population in India, cancer control activities should be prioritized to make maximum use from the limited resources. People less than 40 years who are habitual cigarette smokers, alcohol consumers, and betel quid chewers must undergo oral mucosa screening regularly so that oral cancer can be identified as early as possible.