POSTOPERATIVE CARE IN CARDIAC SURGERY: FUNDAMENTALS OF MONITORING AND EARLY COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Background: Postoperative care following cardiac surgery is a complex, multidisciplinary process aimed at ensuring hemodynamic stability, optimal organ perfusion, and the timely identification and management of early complications. Despite advances in surgical techniques and anesthetic management, patients remain at risk for a range of complications—cardiac, respiratory, renal, neurological, and infectious—that can influence recovery and long-term outcomes.