Risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with severe obesity

Abstract

Adolescent obesity is a growing global health concern, with severe obesity significantly increasing the risk of early-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association between obesity and CVD stems from multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin 
resistance, dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. These factors contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and longterm cardiovascular complications. Early screening using clinical markers suchas blood pressure, lipid profiles, and inflammatory biomarkers, along with imaging techniques like echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement, is essential in identifying at-risk individuals